Since multiple Russian drones crossed into Poland in September, European leaders have been discussing the need counter them. But according to RAND’s Ann Marie Dailey, there’s a bigger issue facing Europe's defense: the erosion of deterrence. To reverse this trend, Europe should invest in its conventional forces. “If Europe focuses on its willingness and ability to punch back at Russia,” Dailey says, “it won't have to worry that much about Russian planes and drones crossing borders to attack it.”

Microschools—small, flexible learning environments—are gaining ground nationwide, offering a more personalized approach than traditional classrooms. But many factors make it difficult to collect evidence on whether and how microschools support student learning. A new RAND study examines how to close that gap and better understand the fast-growing microschool sector.