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Each week, we'll share with you some of the most compelling numbers in our studies.
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$550 billion
In exchange for tariff reductions, Japan will invest $550 billion in the United States in areas such as semiconductors, shipbuilding, critical minerals, energy, automobiles, and AI technologies.
SOURCE: "Assessing the U.S.-Japan Trade Deal Announcement" by CSIS's Kristi Govella.
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6.3 percent
Russian defense spending is set to reach a post-Soviet record of 6.3 percent of GDP in 2025, and is expected to rise further despite growing signs of economic slowdown.
SOURCE: "A Long-Term Russia Strategy for Europe" by CSIS's Max Bergmann, Maria Snegovaya, Michael Kimmage, Hanna Notte, and Jeffrey Mankoff.
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1.6 million
As the world’s second-largest consumer, the United States used approximately 1.6 million metric tons of refined copper in 2024.
SOURCE: "Rethinking Copper Tariffs" by CSIS's Gracelin Baskaran and Meredith Schwartz.
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500 percent
The Sanctioning Russia Act, proposed by Senator Lindsey Graham, seeks to end the sale of Russian oil, gas, uranium, and other key commodities by threatening buyers with 500 percent “secondary tariffs.”
SOURCE: "To Hit Russia Hard and Support Ukraine, Capture the Oil Discount" by CSIS's Clayton Seigle.
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By the Numbers is composed weekly by Lauren Adler and the External Relations team.
The Center for Strategic and International Studies (CSIS) is a bipartisan, nonprofit organization founded in 1962 and headquartered in Washington, D.C. It seeks to advance global security and prosperity by providing strategic insights and policy solutions to decisionmakers.
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