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June 13, 2025

Beginning late in the night of June 12-13, Israel carried out large-scale
strikes on Iran’s nuclear and military facilities and leadership. The
United States has said that it was not involved in the attack. Israeli
strikes and Iranian retaliatory actions remain ongoing and will likely
continue for days, if not longer. This special newsletter includes a brief
roundup of what we know about the strikes so far, as well as links to a
variety of Iran Watch resources helpful to understanding the current moment
and what might come next.

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WHAT WE KNOW SO FAR

Israeli fighter aircraft participates in Operation Rising Lion (Photo
Credit: Israeli Defense Force)

Israel claims to have used roughly 200 aircraft to strike [4]dozens of
targets in Iran, including [5]nuclear facilities and military bases. Sites
reportedly struck include.
* The Natanz and Fordow uranium enrichment facilities
* The Arak heavy water reactor complex
* The Esfahan Nuclear Technology Center
* The Parchin military complex
* The headquarters of the Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps (IRGC) and
the Atomic Energy Organization of Iran (AEOI), as well as multiple other
targets in or near Tehran
* Several military installations across the country, likely including
IRGC missile bases near Tabriz and Kermanshah

As of this writing, Israel is not reported to have struck the nuclear power
plant at Bushehr.

The extent of damage to the targeted sites is not yet clear. What is clear
is Israel’s success in killing several senior IRGC commanders and Iranian
nuclear scientists, including:
* Major General Mohammad Bagheri, the chief of the Armed Forces General
Staff (Iran’s top military officer)
* Major General [6]Hossein Salami, the overall commander of the IRGC
* Major General [7]Amir Ali Hajizadeh, the commander of the [8]IRGC
Aerospace Force, which controls Iran’s ballistic missile arsenal
* Major General Gholamali Rashid, commander of the Khatam Al-Anbiya
Central Headquarters, the coordinating headquarters for Iranian military
operations
* Rear Admiral Ali Shamkhani, a military adviser to the Supreme Leader
* [9]Fereidoun Abbasi-Davani, a senior nuclear scientist and former head
of the AEOI
* [10]Mohammad Mehdi Teranchi, a senior nuclear scientist involved in
Iran’s pre-2004 nuclear weapon program
* Three nuclear scientists affiliated with [11]Shahid Beheshti
University: Abdulhamid Minouchehr, Ahmad Reza Zolfaghari, and Amirhossein
Feqhi

As of this writing, senior Iranian political leaders are not known to have
been targeted. Supreme Leader [12]Ayatollah Ali Khamenei, President
[13]Masoud Pezeshkian, and Foreign Minister [14]Abbas Araqchi all issued
statements following the initial strikes.

Khamenei pledged that Iran would retaliate. Israeli officials claimed to
have engaged more than 100 drones launched from Iran early on Friday. Iran
then launched a salvo of missiles later in the day, at least some of which
were intercepted by Israeli air defenses. No significant damage in Israel
has yet been reported, but Israel and neighboring countries have closed
their airspace and taken other precautions in anticipation of attacks.

The United States [15]denied involvement in the Israeli strikes, although
President Donald Trump said that he had been informed about them in
advance. Trump [16]urged Iran to continue negotiations and reach a deal
with the United States over its nuclear program in order to avert
additional, more damaging Israeli strikes. The Iranian foreign ministry
said it held the United States responsible for the Israeli attack, but made
no comment on the negotiations. As of this writing, Iran is not reported to
have attacked U.S. bases or assets in the Middle East.

IRAN WATCH RESOURCES

Reference | [17]Table of Iranian Nuclear Sites and Related Facilities

Israel struck several Iranian nuclear sites and will likely attack more.
This table lists the declared and known undeclared facilities relating to
Iran’s nuclear fuel cycle and weaponization effort. Each entry gives the
facility’s purpose, location, and, where known, its operating status.

Report | [18]Iran's Nuclear Timetable: The Weapon Potential

How far advanced was Iran’s nuclear program before the Israeli strike? This
estimates how soon Iran could have enriched enough uranium to fuel a small
nuclear arsenal using its declared stockpile and centrifuges.

Reference | [19]Iran's Centrifuges: Models and Status

How far might the Israeli strikes set back Iran’s nuclear program? This
table lists the quantity and capability of the centrifuges known to be
installed in each of Iran’s uranium enrichment facilities.

Podcast | [20]How to Keep Iran from the Bomb?

The Foundation for Defense of Democracies (FDD)’s Behnam Ben Taleblu and
the Washington Institute for Near East Policy’s Michael Eisenstadt sat down
with us in late April to discuss, among other things, the likely scenarios
following a military strike on Iran’s nuclear program.

Reference | [21]Table of Iran’s Missile Arsenal

Any Iranian retaliation against Israel will likely involve the use of its
extensive missile arsenal. This table sets forth what is publicly known,
claimed, or estimated about the capabilities of Iran's missiles.

Analysis | [22]Iran’s Second Missile Attack on Israel

Previous attacks may provide a clue as to how Iran will retaliate. This
analytical article breaks down the targets, munitions used, and takeaways
from the Iranian missile strike on Israel in October 2024.

Analysis | [23]Iran’s Missile Attack Against Israel

This analytical article examines Iran’s first direct attack on Israel in
April 2024.

Report | [24]Leveling the Field: Iran’s Asymmetric Use of Conventional
Military Capabilities

Iran’s response could escalate into a broader regional conflict,
potentially drawing in the United States. This 2022 report examines Iran’s
asymmetric military capabilities, including strike and naval assets that it
could bring to bear in a conflict waged in and above the Persian Gulf.

INTERNATIONAL REACTIONS

Bystanders and emergency crews look at damage in Tehran (Photo Credit:
Tasnim News Agency)

Governments around the world and international organizations commented on
the strikes.
* IAEA Director General Rafael Grossi [25]confirmed the strike on Natanz,
said no elevated radiation levels have been detected
* The leaders of [26]France, [27]Germany, and the [28]United Kingdom,
along with the [29]EU’s foreign policy chief, called for restraint
* The governments of [30]China, [31]Jordan, [32]Oman, [33]Qatar,
[34]Russia, [35]Turkey, and the [36]United Arab Emirates condemned the
strikes as a violation of Iran’s sovereignty and called for a diplomatic
solution

Iran Watch is a website published by the Wisconsin Project on Nuclear Arms
Control. The Wisconsin Project is a non-profit, non-partisan organization
that conducts research, advocacy, and public education aimed at inhibiting
strategic trade from contributing to the proliferation of weapons of mass
destruction.

Copyright © 2025 - Wisconsin Project on Nuclear Arms Control

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