Student Strike Puts Dictators on the Skids
50 years ago, on November 14, 1973, hundreds of students at the prestigious Athens Polytechnic University went on strike and began an occupation of their campus to protest the repressive policies of the right-wing military junta that had ruled Greece for more than six years. The strike and the brutal way the Army suppressed it were crucial developments in the growth of the movement that brought the military regime to an end nine months later.
The day after the students took the campus over, they set up a powerful radio transmitter, over which they repeatedly urged all Greek citizens to help bring an end to the junta. On November 17, the Army used battle tanks to break into the campus, shut the transmitter down, and put an end to the strike. In the course of retaking the campus, the Army killed at least 24 protesters; the number of the dead was undoubtedly greater, but the Army made it impossible for anyone to learn what the true number was. The junta had been widely unpopular ever since it toppled a democratically elected government in 1967, but the student strikers and their short-lived radio station galvanized the opposition, which never let up until it achieved success on July 24, 1974. https://web.archive.org/web/20130125045602/http://www.athensnews.gr/old…
Dockworkers' Strike Against Japan's War Machine
85 years ago, on November 15, 1938, Australian dockworkers and their union took the bold and potentially illegal step of going on strike and thereby preventing a large shipment of pig iron (an essential raw material for making steel) from being loaded onto a freighter that was bound for the Japan Steel Works in Kobe. The workers' action was inspired by news reports of horrific war crimes committed by the Japanese Army in China, and also by the growing realization that Japan was likely to declare war on Australia before long. The strike action, which continued for more than 10 weeks, had the support from almost all sections of the Australian population, which sent large quantities of food and other supplies to the incomeless strikers. Almost the only opposition to the strike came from the right-wing Australian government, which accused the union of usurping the government's responsibility to dictate foreign policy, and threatened to prosecute the strikers for violating federal law. https://atui.org.au/2021/11/11/pig-iron-bob-and-the-1938-port-kembla-st…
Free Speech Is the Future
95 years ago, on November 16, 1928, Fiorello LaGuardia,who was then a member of Congress, delivered a spirited attack on the backwardness of U.S. labor law at a meeting of the American Academy of Political and Social Science. What he said then closely anticipated federal legislation that he would co-sponsor in 1932, known as the Norris-LaGuardia Act (the bill's other sponsor was Senator George Norris of Nebraska). The main target of LaGuardia's speech was the federal court system, which, until passage of the Norris-LaGuardia act demonstrated its hostility to organized labor by abusing the power of injunction to prevent unions from exercising the basic right of free speech in connection with job actions. As LaGuardia put in his speech, "If the future of our Republic depends on the suppression of free speech, there is no future. The right to criticize public officials is not only wholesome, but necessary in a republic. It is possible by brute force to suppress opinion, but such forces cannot survive. Nowhere has Government succeeded when brute force is used against the right of free speech." Less than four years later, Congress passed and President Hoover signed the Norris-LaGuardia Act, which established the legal principle that federal courts did not have the power to issue injunctions against union activities or speech in non-violent strikes. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Norris%E2%80%93La_Guardia_Act
Not Only a Crook, but a Liar Too
50 years ago, on November 17, 1973, Richard Nixon -- the only U.S. president so crooked that he stayed out of jail only because his hand-picked Vice-President pardoned him upon becoming President -- stood before 400 newspaper editors and declared, "I am not a crook." Less than nine months later, Nixon's lies caught up to him and he became the only U.S. President to resign. https://www.politico.com/story/2016/11/nixon-says-hes-not-a-crook-nov-1…
Three Cheers for Yellow Fever
220 years ago, on November 18, 1803, Napoleon's plan to take Haiti by force and restore it to the French Empire crashed and burned when Haiti's revolutionary army decisively defeated a large French invasion force at the Battle of Vertières in northern Haiti. The Haitian Army deserves all possible credit for repelling the French, but they had an unexpected ally, a yellow fever epidemic that killed about 23,000 French troops, or 75 percent of the invasion Army.
Perhaps an even bigger beneficiary of the French defeat than the people of Haiti were the people of the United States. It had been Napoleon's firm (but secret) intention to take over Haiti and then invade North America through Louisiana, which was then owned by France. From Louisiana it would have been easy for Napoleon to use his large and well-equipped army to establish firm military control over the Mississippi River valley. Given the small size of the U.S. Army at the time and the fact that almost all its forces were hundreds of miles from Napoleon's objective, the chances were excellent that the infant U.S. government would have faced a dire situation, hemmed in by as many as thirty-thousand French troops to the west and many thousands of British troops to the north. Had it not been for the yellow-fever mosquito, the history of both Haiti and the U.S. might have been enormously different. https://academic.oup.com/milmed/article/188/7-8/171/7165307
Another Political Crook Faces Justice
150 years ago, on November 19, 1873, corrupt political "Boss" William Tweed's 15-year career of running one of the most crooked imaginable political machines was scotched when he was convicted by a New York jury of stealing as much as $200 million of taxpayer dollars, an amount that would be the equivalent of $5 billion today. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_M._Tweed
Measuring Time Pays Off
135 years ago, on November 20, 1888, the first time-clock was patented. Employers loved it. Most workers, not so much. The oddly-named time-clock (what is a clock that is NOT a time-clock?) automated the process of recording a worker's time of arrival, and departure, from work. Before the time-clock's invention, an employer had to pay someone to keep track of the same information. The time-clock eliminated the need for a timekeeper, which is an excellent example of what automation does. Time-clocks were in such demand that the first company to produce them was an enormous success. So successful that it eventually morphed into IBM. https://timewellscheduled.com/the-time-clock/
