[Too little, too late (in 1973), Racists win in North Carolina
(1898), Nazi on the rampage (1938), Malcolm disses non-violence
(1963), Lynch mob does the right thing (1903), Whos afraid of HUAC
(1958), Hormel strikers win (in 1933, that is) ]
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THIS WEEK IN PEOPLE’S HISTORY, NOV. 7–13  
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_ Too little, too late (in 1973), Racists win in North Carolina
(1898), Nazi on the rampage (1938), Malcolm disses non-violence
(1963), Lynch mob does the right thing (1903), Who's afraid of HUAC
(1958), Hormel strikers win (in 1933, that is) _

It's called separation of powers--we separate you from your powers,

 

_CONGRESS FINDS ITS SPINE, BUT NOT SOON ENOUGH_
NOVEMBER 7, 1973 (50 YEARS AGO). In a display of backbone that is
welcome but also a prime example of too-little-too-lateness, the U.S.
Congress overrides President Nixon's veto of the War Powers
Resolution, thereby putting limits on Nixon's power to wage war
without the approval of Congress. Even so, if Nixon had won the
support of only five more House members, his veto would not have been
overridden. The War Powers Resolution remains in force today, but
whether Congress is able to enforce it has been cast into doubt by its
probable violation by every President since 1974 with the exception of
Ford and Carter.
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_NORTH CAROLINA RACISTS TAKE OVER_
NOVEMBER 8, 1898 (125 YEARS AGO). On this Election Day, the majority
of the population of Wilmington, North Carolina -- which is then the
state's largest city -- is Black by a large margin. Wilmington's
incumbent city government is multi-racial and anti-racist. Black men
(only men, because women had not yet won the right to vote) occupy
positions of authority in Wilmington's government and business
community. 

The result of this day's vote is determined by a massive,
well-organized and blatant fraud committed by the explicitly
white-supremacist Democratic Party. The fraudulent election is the
culmination of a years-long campaign of intimidation and outright
terrorism by Democrats and their vigilante squads known as the Red
Shirts. The terror campaign, which is directed at all anti-racists,
both Black and white, had already been so successful that almost all
the city's anti-racist incumbents chose not to run for re-election,
because they have good reason to think they would be lynched if they
tried to remain in office. 

As would be expected under the circumstances, the Democrats win the
election, but in the normal course of affairs they will not take
office until early the next year. In addition, the Mayor and the
city's Board of Aldermen were not up for re-election in 1898, so their
right to remain in office is clear. Not willing to wait for
inauguration day, on November 10 the Democrats staged a bloody coup,
forcing the mayor and city council to resign and leave town, as well
as killing hundreds of their supporters and forcing the rest to flee
for their lives. Sadly, the coup is a complete success, because no one
in the state or federal government makes any attempt to reverse it.
For a detailed description of background, the Wilmington Massacre
itself, and its aftermath, visit
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_NAZIS ON THE RAMPAGE_
NOVEMBER 9, 1938 (85 YEARS AGO). Throughout Germany and
German-occupied Austria and Czechoslovakia, Nazi party paramilitary
forces, Hitler Youth and pro-Nazi civilians begin a violent 2-day
attack on Jews and Jewish homes, hospitals, schools and synagogues.
Hundreds are killed, thousands are beaten and/or raped, and more than
30 thousand arrested. More than 250 synagogues are looted and
demolished along with more than 7000 Jewish businesses. Even though
Nazis have been persecuting, deporting and engaging in small-scale
violence against Jews for years, the events -- which are known as
Kristallnacht (Crystal Night) for the mountains of broken glass
resulting from the attacks -- are shockingly unprecedented. For a
Kristallnacht survivor's account, visit
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_MALCOLM DISSES NON-VIOLENCE_
NOVEMBER 10, 1963 (60 YEARS AGO). It is 10 weeks after one of the
Civil Rights Movement's defining moments, when some 250,000
participants in the March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom filled
the Mall. The Civil Right Movement, based on the principle of
non-violence, is fast gaining adherents, support, and publicity. But
is it enough? 

On this day Nation of Islam Minister Malcolm X tells a large Detroit
crowd, in a speech known as Message to the Grass Roots, that the
answer is definitely no, because non-violence will never achieve what
is needed by the Black population of the U.S.

Here is how he put it: "The Mau Mau [in Kenya], they were
revolutionary, they believed in scorched earth, they knocked
everything aside that got in their way, and their revolution also was
based on land, a desire for land. In Algeria, the northern part of
Africa, a revolution took place. The Algerians were revolutionists,
they wanted land. France offered to let them be integrated into
France. They told France, to hell with France, they wanted some land,
not some France. And they engaged in a bloody battle.

"So I cite these various revolutions, brothers and sisters, to show
you that you don’t have a peaceful revolution. You don’t have a
turn-the-other-cheek revolution. There’s no such thing as a
nonviolent revolution. The only kind of revolution that is nonviolent
is the Negro revolution. The only revolution in which the goal is
loving your enemy is the Negro revolution. It's the only revolution in
which the goal is a desegregated lunch counter, a desegregated
theater, a desegregated park, and a desegregated public toilet; you
can sit down next to white folks--on the toilet. That’s no
revolution."
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_LYNCH MOB DOES THE RIGHT THING_
NOVEMBER 11, 1903 (120 YEARS AGO). Racist vigilante justice is
frustrated, for once, two miles north of New York City, in Bronxville,
NY, when a mob seizes Edward Green, who is Black, and prepares to
lynch him to avenge a white woman who identifies him as the man who
robbed and assaulted her. Luckily for Green, cooler heads prevail and
he is turned over to the police. When Green was tried for robbery and
assault, he was acquitted because Edwin Fiske, the Mayor of
neighboring Mt. Vernon, testified that he and Green had been in a
meeting together at the time the assault took place.
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_WHO'S AFRAID OF HUAC?_
NOVEMBER 12, 1958 (65 YEARS AGO). An arbitrator rules that CBS
Television violated its contract with the Radio and Television
Directors Guild when CBS fired Joseph Papp from his job as unit
manager for "I've Got a Secret." The arbitrator orders CBS to put Papp
back on the payroll and pay him half of what he would have earned
during his 6-month layoff.

CBS had fired Papp in June 1958 when he refused to testify before a
House Un-American Activities Committee hearing about "Communist
infiltration of entertainment." The arbitrator ruled that Papp's
refusal to testify was not grounds for dismissal. 

Papp went back to work for CBS, but he continued to moonlight as the
producer of two organizations that he founded in 1954 -- the New York
Shakespeare Festival and the Public Theater. Before long he was
earning enough from his non-profit theater work for him to resign from
CBS and focus entirely on the work that resulted in his becoming a
cultural icon. For Papp's eloquent statement about his refusal to
testify, visit
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_HORMEL STRIKERS WIN! (IN 1933, THAT IS)_
NOVEMBER 13, 1933 (90 YEARS AGO). After striking meatpacking workers,
members of the  Independent Union of All Workers, had taken over the
Hormel plant in Austin, Minnesota, expelled all non-strikers, and held
the idle plant for two and a half days, on this day Minnesota Governor
Floyd Olson brokers an agreement between the union and the plant
owners, in which the union members end their occupation of the plant
and return to work and both union and management agree to binding
arbitration of all disputed issues by the State Industrial Commission.
The plant reopens and three weeks later the Industrial Commission
orders a substantial wage increase and splits the difference between
management and union concerning work rules. Governor Olson is
excoriated in the mainstream media for having settled the
unprecedented and illegal plant take-over without punishing the
workers. For a long but fascinating history of how the plant was
organized by a group of former Industrial Workers of the World
members, visit 
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* U.S. history
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* war powers
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* Racist Attacks
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* Nazi Germany
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* Malcolm X
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* lynching
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* HUAC
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* Hormel strike
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